What best describes rubric-based grading?

• A. A random guess from the teacher.
• B. A single final grade.
• C. No feedback provided.
• D. Explicit criteria and levels of performance.

Answer: (D)

Rubric-based grading centers on making expectations explicit through criteria and performance levels. A rubric details specific criteria—such as argument development, use of evidence, organization, and mechanics—and shows what different levels of work look like (for example, novice, proficient, advanced). This structure keeps scoring consistent and objective across students and over time, and it gives students a clear target for improvement. It also provides actionable feedback because students can see exactly which criteria meet the standard and where they need to grow. This approach is different from guessing about a grade, delivering only a single final score, or giving no feedback at all. In GT contexts, rubrics help differentiate work by outlining higher-level tasks and performances students can strive for.