Which statement about norm-referenced and criterion-referenced measures in GT identification is accurate?

• A. Norm-referenced compares to peer norms; criterion-referenced measures mastery of specific criteria
• B. Norm-referenced measures mastery of criteria; criterion-referenced compares to peer norms
• C. Both test identical things
• D. Criterion-referenced is always more valid than norm-referenced

Answer: (A)

Understanding the difference between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced measures hinges on what each test compares to. Norm-referenced tests determine where a student stands by comparing their performance to a peer group, so they reveal relative standing or ranking among similar students. Criterion-referenced tests, on the other hand, measure whether a student has achieved specific, predefined criteria or levels of mastery, independent of how others perform.

In GT identification, you want both perspectives: how a student performs compared to peers (to spot standout abilities) and whether they have mastered advanced, predefined skills or content. This makes the statement that norm-referenced measures compare to peer norms and criterion-referenced measures assess mastery of specific criteria the accurate description.

The other ideas mix up these roles or claim absolutes about validity that aren’t universally true. Norm-referenced tests don’t measure mastery of criteria, and criterion-referenced tests don’t compare to peer norms. They also don’t test identical things, and saying one type is always more valid ignores context and purpose.